Porosity belongs to basic characteristics of building materials. It is a characteristic of solid or semi-rigid materials, which contain a lot of tiny and uniformly distributed cavities or holes of various shape and origin. Porosity decreases specific weight of materials, increases their insulation and other characteristics – for example absorbability. It is defined as a ratio of pores volume in a specific amount of solid and the total volume of this amount. In the article the use of the modern confocal scanning microscope Lext OLS3000 is presented for a purpose of direct setting of porosity and distribution of pores within the structure of silicate composites. The possibilities of the optical system Lext OLS3000 are presented on the example of comparison of two methods – according to the Czech National Standard ČSN EN 480-11 and the direct optical setting according to the prepared methodology of the software for the LEXT microscope. The submitted work serves as an informative view of the problems of setting or checking porosity of concrete. In the article a new method according to the Lext OLS3000 is introduced, which brings new and more accurate knowledge of where it is possible to find size and shape of a pore and therefore to identify it more accurately. As we are at the very beginning of the research, the work will be further developed.
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