Zhodnocení stabilitního a stavebně technického stavu Broumovské skupiny kostelů a návrh opatření k zachování tohoto jedinečného evropského kulturního dědictví

Program HPSR řešící vliv změny deformační zóny v podloží na napjatost stěny kostela. Program dává odpověď na otázku, zda konstrukce obvodové zdi vyhoví meznímu stavu použitelnosti

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The churches of the Broumov region are renowned for their unique baroque architecture, their distinct shapes, and sizes. They are an integral part of the Czech cultural heritage. If you analyze the churches, it becomes evident that both the local geological conditions and the municipal economic situation have played an important role in their current condition. Moreover, the local construction industry has been significantly affected by historical events. In this article we would like to present the effects of those factors on the current state of selected churches, namely on the bearing capacity of their walls. Besides being very interesting, it also plays a key role in the maintenance and the potential reconstruction of the churches.

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Autonomní systém je založen na přesné nivelaci měřicích bodů instalovaných ve zdivu historické stavby po obvodu / uvnitř zděné konstrukce. Nivelační systém je zajištěn dvojicí vystrojených vrtů vedených přes rozšíření základového zdiva do podloží a hornin skalního podkladu nebo do stabilní zeminy pod deformační zónou základů. Vrty jsou vystrojeny speciálními pažnicemi pro vysoce přesná sledování 3D deformací a mohou být v určených případech vystrojeny i vláknovou optikou k sledování osových deformací měřicích pažnic. Optovláknový systém využívá principu optických mřížek (Fiber Bragg Gratings - FBG) v sériích vedených souběžně s měřicí pažnicemi. Snímače FBG jsou připojeny k interogátoru FBGuard a prostřednictvím internetu nebo GSM modulu je zajištěn trvalý vzdálený přístup. Nástavba FBG umožňuje automatický přenos varovných hlášení určeným stranám, trvalé sledování (24/7) a kontrolu sedání v případech citlivých stavebních aktivit v blízkém okolí historické budovy. Sledování 3D deformací je prováděno ručně v předem určených časových intervalech. Intervaly sledování mohou být vztaženy k vývoji sedání, který je kontrolován nástavbou FBG. Propojení s přesnou nivelací je zajištěno speciální vložkou do uvedených pažnic a vytváří dvojici vztažných bodů, které nejsou „zcela pevné“, ale 3D sledování deformací nebo nástavba FBG poskytují časové závislé osové posuny zhlaví měřicích pažnic (přesnost vyšší než 0,025 mm) pro vyhodnocení přesné nivelace.

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Příspěvek se zabývá poškozením staveb a stavebních materiálů v důsledku nezvládnutí režimu srážkových vod. Dopady jsou členěny podle místa poškození. Nejprve je prezentováno poškození střech a krovů, které následují příklady poškození obvodových stěn. Největší pozornost, včetně numerického 3D modelování, je věnována poškození základových konstrukcí a základů.

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The paper deals with the nonlinear computational modeling of the baroque enclosure masonry walls. The main tasks are input parameters for efficient advanced numerical tools and techniques, which are based on nonlinear and quasi brittle constitutive FEM modeling. For the work was used the knowledge and results from the Broumov Group Churches survey acquired in the frame of international SAHC university cooperation. The goal of the contribution are real bearing capacity parameters of the composite enclosure walls, which leads from standard homogenization techniques. With regards to the material micro modeling of different wall configuration in longitudinal and transversal direction was done with ATENA 2D software to evaluate the safe bearing capacity of the walls. The set of models aim to assess the bearing capacity of the enclosure wall, which is the main structural element in the church. In detail, we will present results from the numerical investigation, and partial in situ testing, from Vižňov, Ruprechtice and Otovice. Finally, we will present calculation of cracks propagation on full 3D church models. Concerning historical structures, it is one way how to validate the quality of estimations and validate numerical models.

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Broumov Region and its group of churches represent a perfect example of symbiosis between Baroque architecture and countryside landscape. This peculiar heritage site requires specialized analysis to preserve its uniqueness. St. Barbara Church in Otovice, the one investigated in this thesis, was built by Christoph and Kilian Dientzenhofer. Nowadays, concerns about its stability and degradation process led to the necessity to investigate more deeply its current condition. Therefore, the main objective of the article consists in the FEM modeling and the evaluation of the bearing capacity of enclosure walls, with particular attention on the influence of the soil deterioration. In conclusion, technical advices are recommended.

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The Churches of the Broumov region are well known for their unique baroque architecture, distinct shapes, sizes, and constitutes an integral part of the Czech cultural heritage. The St. Barbara’s Church that has been studied in this article, is in the Otovice village of Broumov. It was built in the year 1726 by Bavarian architects Christoph Dientzenhofer and Kilian Ignaz and is significant because of its religious, artistic and historic values. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the structural safety and stability of St. Barbara’s Church based on a probabilistic approach. A deterministic assessment of the structure is carried out and the results are assessed concerning the present site condition. Depending upon the observed damages, a condition for failure is defined for the structure. The uncertainties in the material parameters are considered and reliability analysis is performed to determine the reliability index, probability of failure and influence of different material parameters in the structural stability.

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Předkládaný program, vytvořený v prostředí excel, se skládá ze tří částí a poskytuje inženýrskou odpověď na otázku, zda dojde k poškození obvodové zdi kostela. Samotné řešení je implicitní a je nutno pár iteracemi vyřešit hloubku deformační zóny. Tato se nejprve odhadne a pak ověří. Pokud rozdíl je malý, iterace končí.

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The nonlinear computational modeling of the enclosure masonry walls in historical churches was combined with stochastic simulation techniques. The approach is interdisciplinary and shows the possibility of utilization of efficient advanced numerical tools and techniques for analysis of historical structures. The numerical results confirmed sufficient load bearing capacity of the analyzed masonry walls, and validated the structure sense of medieval architects and manual skills of local bricklayers.

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The Broumov group of churches was designed for the governing Benedictine abbey of St. Wenceslaw in Broumov by the famous Dientzenhofer family of architects, which helped define the Bohemian baroque style in the early 18th century. The paper shows numerical estimation of the bearing capacity. For the analysis were chosen the parts of enclosure walls from the selected Broumov Churches. The study summarizes the visual investigation and structural investigation using ATENA 2D software, to assess and verify the safety of the church walls regarding to the damages which currently suffers.

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The paper deals with the nonlinear computational modeling of the baroque enclosure mason ry walls. The main tasks are input parameters for efficient advanced numerical tools and techniques, which are based on nonlinear and quasi brittle constitutive FEM modelling . For the work was used the knowledge and results from the Broumov Group Churches survey acquired in the frame of international SAHC university cooperation. There are presented nondestructive test s, comparing with laboratory ones. The goal of the contribution are real bearing capacity parameters of the composite enclosure walls, which leads from standard homogeniz ation techniques.

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The work shows numerical investigation of decay and damage appearing in the All Saints church, which was selected from the Broumov group of churches. The study has been startedoff by summary of findings from preliminary historical, geotechnical background studies. Several conclusions of possible sources of decay and damage of the church were made. The most important sources include presence of moisture and possible differential soil settlement because of uneven deterioration of subsoil. To investigate the extent of damage series of FEM modeling was employed.

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Numerical analysis has been carried out on a sample wall, to study the influence of different parameters on its behavior. The aim of the work is to analyze the width and depth of the foundation of a typical residential structure by subjecting it to different loads and taking into account soil-structure interaction. A non-linear material model was employed to evaluate the contribution of shear depression in the subsoil and was subsequently used to improve the accuracy in simplification of dimensional complexity. The wall was analyzed in the longitudinal and cross-sectional directions to ensure calibration of the results. The effect of different types of timber framing in the longitudinal direction was assessed to evaluate optimal structural stability, along with recommendations for size of foundations based on loads from present day Eurocodes.

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Most of structures constructed before the twentieth century, were not a product of meticulous analysis, but were rather a fortuitous amalgamation of good structural instincts and vernacular experience in building technology and construction. The aim of the work is to study soil structure interaction for shallow foundations associated with ancient residential and sacral structures. The main goal of the study is to establish the width and depth of subsoil zone which must be taken into account and incorporated into numerical FEM modelling.

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