Ústav prostorového plánování

Ing. arch. Vít Řezáč, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

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Ing. arch. Jan Bittner, Ph.D., Ing. arch. David Pfann

15118 Ústav nauky o budovách, 15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

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prof. Ing. arch. Karel Maier, CSc., Ing. Daniel Franke, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

The authors seek to verify whether the trend of spatial polarization, consisting of the selective migration of young people with higher education to the capital and accompanied by massive suburbanization in the hinterland of the capital and regional cities, continued into the period between 2011 and 2021, or how changes in this period compared to the previous 2001–2011 period. With the use of census data, the development of this polarization is monitored using indicators describing the development of the share of inhabitants and dwelling units, economic activity, demographic age, and the university-educated population for individual micro-regions. On the basis of these indicators, types of micro-regions are identified and wider areas with similar characteristics are defined. The resulting findings show that the gap between growing and shrinking micro-regions widened in the 2010s, and that the “soft” factors expressed by the proxies of demographic age and education will affect their future prosperity.

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Ing. arch. Jan Bittner, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

Car dependency has been widely recognised in the international literature as a key driver of urban development, shaping settlement patterns, land use, and transport systems throughout much of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries [1,2]. Yet, empirical evidence on how these dynamics unfold within Central European metropolitan regions remains limited. Fragmented settlement structures and dispersed amenities often constrain modal choice and perpetuate car-oriented mobility. To address car dependency, contemporary planning paradigms, most notably the 15-Minute City concept [3], dvocate proximity-based urban design that seeks to situate essential amenities within short walking or cycling distances [2]. Among these amenities, schools and kindergartens play a particularly pivotal role, as they structure daily trip patterns and are strongly associated with parental mode choice. This study focuses on parents in the Prague Metropolitan Area, exploring how accessibility to relevant educational facilities—kindergartens for households with children aged 0–5 and primary schools for those with children aged 6 and above—correlates with the frequency of car and public transport use. The research contributes an evidence-based perspective on family travel behaviour within a Central European context, while acknowledging that all identified relationships are correlational rather than causal.

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doc. Ing. arch. Jakub Vorel, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

There is a raise in public awareness on environmental and health issues in recent years, therefore many municipalities changed their transport policy direction to become more sustainable, especially active mobility based. This study makes use of an activity-based demand model to simulate urban mobility and policies for sustainable transport modes in the Usti nad Labem district using an agent-based model simulator driven by a co-evolutionary algorithm. Two policy scenarios were created by considering the transport literature and analyzing the characteristics and behaviors of citizens as well as the properties of the study area. Three scenarios—the actual situation, a cycleway-infrastructure case, and a bus priority case—were simulated for the study area with MATSim software. Both policy scenarios resulted in a decrease in car usage, with a higher drop seen in the cycleway-infrastructure scenario. 9.11% higher public transport ridership and 2.45% more of public transport modal share are observed in the bus priority compared to the actual situation, however the car-related emissions did not decrease. 6.36% more of cycling modal share was also noticed in the cycleway-infrastructure scenario which, the transport modal shift is enhanced by 2.6 more times than in the bus priority scenario. Car driving hours were significantly reduced in the cycleway scenario (5535 h less in a day) where 445.3 tons of car-related CO2 emissions would be saved annually, therefore environmental benefits of cycling modal share increase in the study area is undoubtable in long-term.

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doc. Ing. arch. Jakub Vorel, Ph.D., Ing. Daniel Franke, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

The publication introduces the reader to the methods of hedonic prices and their application to estimating the economic effects of public goods for the purposes of planning and managing territorial development. The publication focuses on selected types of public infrastructure: civic amenities, transport infrastructure, green infrastructure and public spaces and provides practical guidance that shows step by step how the economic effects of implemented and planned public infrastructure development can be estimated from available data.

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Ing. arch. David Pfann

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

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Ing. arch. Vít Řezáč, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

Dne 4. června 2025 uspořádala pracovní skupina pro urbanismus Polské akademie věd mezinárodní seminář, na kterém pozvaní hosté představili aktuální stav územního plánování v zemích střední a východní Evropy. Článek pojednává o stavu plánování v Polsku, Maďarsku, Lotyšku, Estonsku, Bulharsku a Rumunsku.

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Ing. arch. Vít Řezáč, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

Plánování měst je nikdy nekončící činnost. Mělo by mít svůj řád, aby bylo předvídatelné. Ten však nutně musí jít s dobou, vlastně ji trochu „předbíhat“, protože v tom je podstata uvažování o budoucnosti. Svět plánování (nejen on) je stále složitější, resp. sami si jej složitější děláme. Mohou plánovací nástroje vymyšlené před desítkami let s tempem změn ještě držet krok? Nedostali jsme se na hranici svých možností s jejich vylepšováním? Neztrácíme jako profese důvěru občanů našich měst?

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Ing. arch. Jan Bittner, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

The sudden transition from central planning to a free market in Eastern Bloc countries caused uncoordinated and deregulated growth followed by sheer car ownership. Extensive suburban areas heavily dependent on cars exploded around larger cities (Stanilov and Sýkora 2014). Nowadays, ongoing climate changes, technological revolution, and planned energetic transition bring entirely new challenges to urban transport planning (Shakibamanesh et al. 2020). Such challenges also draw attention to the question of car dependency in the Czech planning practice. In response, Czech local plans started working with various planning practices to reduce car dependency in suburban areas. One of the most widespread practices constitutes retrofitting of local amenities in suburban residential areas. Since such practice is part of various well-established global urban concepts (New Urbanism, low-traffic neighbourhoods, TOD, 15-minute city, etc.), the relationship between amenities and transport has been well-researched for decades in the USA and Western Europe (Ewing and Cervero 2010; Næss 2022). Thus, solid evidence in various backgrounds supports Western urban transport planning, whereas Czech planning remains to hover “in the dark” without empirical findings concerning specific central European contexts. This paper aims to present a novel interdisciplinary framework investigating the phenomenon of urban transport based on behavioural aspects of mobility interaction with the built environment in the Czech-specific context. The central research question lies in testing the influence of the accessibility of local amenities on car dependency within the suburbs of Prague. The work utilises an activity-based modelling technique (Ortúzar and Willumsen 2011; Kagho et al. 2020) to quantify individual travel behaviour using geolocated travel diaries. The method is based on regression modelling where total car PMT (person miles travelled) constitute the dependent variable, local amenities accessibility independent variables, and personal socio-economic background plus built environment characteristics control variables (Stoker et al. 2015). Local amenities (independent variables) are considered as kindergarten, primary school, corner shop, GP and dentist, library, community centre, and outdoor/indoor sports ground. The regression outcomes are put into the context of contemporary planning practice in selected case studies. The work brings much-needed empirical evidence for the assessment of the current Czech planning practice course in times of rapid changes.

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