Souhrnný katalog publikací

Zařízení je navrženo tak, aby automaticky pořizovalo fotografické snímky jednotlivých vrstev odebraných vzorků z mostních konstrukcí. Tyto vzorky podléhají destruktivní analýze, což znamená, že se materiálové vlastnosti zjišťují metodou, při které dochází k nevratnému poškození vzorku. Nejčastěji se jedná o vzorky malt a kameniva, které obsahují plniva rozpustná v silných kyselinách, například karbonátová plniva. Hlavní funkcí tohoto zařízení je umožnit vytvoření 3D modelu analyzovaného materiálu a jeho jednotlivých složek. Proces začíná pořízením řady fotografií vrstev vzorku. Tyto snímky jsou následně digitálně zpracovány a pomocí specializovaného softwaru, který se používá i v technologiích CT skenování, jsou propojeny do podoby 3D modelu struktury směsi (tzv. matrixu).

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Mgr. Vladan Klement, Ph.D.

15113 Ústav teorie a dějin architektury

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prof. Ing. arch. Karel Maier, CSc., Ing. Daniel Franke, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

The authors seek to verify whether the trend of spatial polarization, consisting of the selective migration of young people with higher education to the capital and accompanied by massive suburbanization in the hinterland of the capital and regional cities, continued into the period between 2011 and 2021, or how changes in this period compared to the previous 2001–2011 period. With the use of census data, the development of this polarization is monitored using indicators describing the development of the share of inhabitants and dwelling units, economic activity, demographic age, and the university-educated population for individual micro-regions. On the basis of these indicators, types of micro-regions are identified and wider areas with similar characteristics are defined. The resulting findings show that the gap between growing and shrinking micro-regions widened in the 2010s, and that the “soft” factors expressed by the proxies of demographic age and education will affect their future prosperity.

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Ing. Aleš Palička

Tento článek se zabývá vlivem mletého odpadního skla jako částečné náhrady cementu (10-50 %) na mechanické vlastnosti cementových past. Výsledky ukázaly, že vyšší obsah skla vede k počátečnímu snížení pevnosti, ale dlouhodobému zlepšení pevnosti v důsledku pucolánové reakce. Pevnost v ohybu byla ovlivněna mikrotrhlinami v důsledku absence kameniva. Nízké hladiny náhrady skla (do 20 %) jsou vhodné, zatímco vyšší hladiny (> 30 %) výrazně snižují pevnost. Další výzkum by se měl zaměřit na chemickou aktivaci skla.

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This research study investigates the effect of different heating and cooling regimes on the effective cross-section of timber elements exposed to natural fires. An advanced calculation method based on a 1D finite-difference heat transfer model and effective thermo-physical properties is adopted to analyse the heat penetration and the consequent reduction in mechanical properties. In particular, the research focuses on the evolution and penetration speed of the char depth (300 °C isotherm) and zero-strength layer (determined through in-depth temperatures and reduced mechanical properties). Results reveal how the char depth mainly develops during the heating phase, with non-negligible contributions from the cooling phase. In contrast, the zero-strength layer increases throughout the whole fire exposure, particularly during cooling and, possibly, after the end of the cooling phase. In general, the heating phase contributes about 2/3 to the total effective char depth, while the cooling phase about 1/3. The most challenging conditions were found for the fires of the longest durations (heating and overall), corresponding to low ventilation and high fuel load density conditions. The study emphasises the necessity of incorporating the cooling phase in performance-based methodologies for fire-safe timber structures to avoid under-estimating heat penetration effects.

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doc. Ing. arch. Jakub Vorel, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

There is a raise in public awareness on environmental and health issues in recent years, therefore many municipalities changed their transport policy direction to become more sustainable, especially active mobility based. This study makes use of an activity-based demand model to simulate urban mobility and policies for sustainable transport modes in the Usti nad Labem district using an agent-based model simulator driven by a co-evolutionary algorithm. Two policy scenarios were created by considering the transport literature and analyzing the characteristics and behaviors of citizens as well as the properties of the study area. Three scenarios—the actual situation, a cycleway-infrastructure case, and a bus priority case—were simulated for the study area with MATSim software. Both policy scenarios resulted in a decrease in car usage, with a higher drop seen in the cycleway-infrastructure scenario. 9.11% higher public transport ridership and 2.45% more of public transport modal share are observed in the bus priority compared to the actual situation, however the car-related emissions did not decrease. 6.36% more of cycling modal share was also noticed in the cycleway-infrastructure scenario which, the transport modal shift is enhanced by 2.6 more times than in the bus priority scenario. Car driving hours were significantly reduced in the cycleway scenario (5535 h less in a day) where 445.3 tons of car-related CO2 emissions would be saved annually, therefore environmental benefits of cycling modal share increase in the study area is undoubtable in long-term.

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prof. Ing. arch. Michal Kohout, Noor Marji, MSc., Ph.D.

15118 Ústav nauky o budovách

This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of image segmentation methods for monitoring morphological changes in refugee camps, comparing five distinct approaches: ESRI Landviewer clustering, K-means clustering, U-Net segmentation, Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) and ArcGIS segmentation. Using high-resolution satellite imagery from Al-Azraq refugee camp in Jordan (2014–2023) as a case study, this research systematically assesses each method’s performance in detecting and quantifying settlement pattern changes. The evaluation framework incorporates multiple validation metrics, including overall accuracy, the Kappa coefficient, F1-score and computational efficiency. The results demonstrate that ArcGIS’s ISO clustering and classification approach achieves superior performance, with 99% overall accuracy and a Kappa coefficient of 0.95, significantly outperforming the other tested methods. While Meta SAM shows promise in object detection, its performance degrades with aerial imagery, achieving only 75% accuracy in settlement pattern recognition. The study establishes specific parameter optimization guidelines for humanitarian contexts, with spectral detail values of 3.0–7.0 and spatial detail values of 14.0–18.0, yielding optimal results for refugee settlement analysis. These findings provide crucial methodological guidance for monitoring refugee settlement evolution and transition, contributing to more effective humanitarian response planning and settlement management through integrating remote sensing and machine learning technologies.

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15116 Ústav modelového projektování

This research introduces an innovative approach to industrial maintenance training by developing an interactive game using an interactive game developed with the Unity 3D engine and extended reality technologies. The game simulates the compressed air system maintenance, aiming to improve technicians’ practical skills and safety awareness through immersive, realistic scenarios. Leveraging Unity 3D’s advanced graphical and physics capabilities, it creates an engaging environment where participants interact with dynamic modules, enhancing decision-making, problem-solving, and analytical thinking. Gameplay involves guiding participants through the compressed air systems maintenance process with realistic controls that respond dynamically to user inputs, thereby allowing technicians to refine technical skills with a strong emphasis on safety. Performance is evaluated based on safety compliance and technical accuracy, demonstrating the value of game-based learning in technical education. This study highlights the potential of game-based learning within Industry 5.0, promoting lifelong learning and preparing professionals for future industrial challenges.

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doc. Ing. arch. Jakub Vorel, Ph.D., Ing. Daniel Franke, Ph.D.

15121 Ústav prostorového plánování

The publication introduces the reader to the methods of hedonic prices and their application to estimating the economic effects of public goods for the purposes of planning and managing territorial development. The publication focuses on selected types of public infrastructure: civic amenities, transport infrastructure, green infrastructure and public spaces and provides practical guidance that shows step by step how the economic effects of implemented and planned public infrastructure development can be estimated from available data.

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Zahraniční rozvojová spolupráce České republiky v oblasti spolupráce vysokých škol je zaměřena také na několik zemí bývalého Sovětského svazu, konkrétně na Moldavsko, Gruzii a v současné době také na Ukrajinu. Rozvojové programy pro tyto země jsou víceméně totožné, ale přístupy k přijetí této spolupráce se mohou v jednotlivých zemích lišit. Článek se zaměřuje na zhodnocení a srovnání dvou podobných rozvojových projektů realizovaných autory článku v roce 2023 na regionální univerzitě USAR v Balti v Moldavsku a v roce 2024 na regionální ukrajinské univerzitě POLISI v Žitomyru.

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